Molecular weight distributions of polymer samples, as well as relative molecular weights, can be determined by GPC

 



Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a kind of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) that also uses organic solvents to separate analyses based on size. The technique is frequently used for polymer analysis. Lathe and Ruthven developed SEC as a technique in 1955. J.C. Moore of the in 1964, the Dow Chemical Company, which was researching the technique, coined the term gel permeation chromatography. Waters Corporation licensed the proprietary column technology and commercialized it in 1964. GPC systems and consumables are now available from a number of manufacturers. Separation of polymers is frequently required in order to analyze and purify the desired product.

  Gel Permeation Chromatography separates analyses based on their size or hydrodynamic volume (radius of gyration). This is in contrast to other separation techniques that rely on chemical or physical interactions to separate analyses. Separation is accomplished through the use of porous beads packed in a column.

  Smaller observations can enter the pores more easily, requiring more time to be invested in these pores and thus increasing their retention time. Smaller molecules elute last because they spend more time in the column. Larger analyses, on the other hand, spend very little time in the pores and are rapidly eluted. All columns can be separated by a range of molecular weights.GPC is widely used to determine the relative molecular mass and molecular weight distribution of polymer samples. GPC accurately measures the shape and molecular volume function defined by intrinsic viscosity. If comparable standards are used, this relative data can be used to determine molecular weights with ± 5% accuracy.

Gel permeation chromatography is almost entirely performed in chromatography columns. The experimental design is not dissimilar to other liquid chromatography techniques. Samples are dissolved in an appropriate solvent, typically organic solvents in the case of GPC, and the solution is injected onto a column after filtering.


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