The low cost of small satellites makes it possible to carry out a wide range of scientific and technological investigations in orbit

 

  A small satellite, also known as a miniaturized satellite or smallsat, is a satellite with a low mass and size, typically less than 500 kg (1,100 lb.). Whereas all of these satellites are classified as "small," they are classified differently based on their mass. Depending on the vehicle used, launching a single satellite into space can cost anywhere from $10 million to $400 million. This equates to nearly $14,000 per pound.

   Government policies at both the national and international levels have an impact on the evolution of the small satellite ecosystem, either directly or indirectly. There is currently no comprehensive global or domestic on-orbit regulation regime in place. In the United States, there are regulations governing the launch and re-entry of satellites into the spectrum, as well as remote sensing; however, there are no regulations governing on-orbit activities such as rendezvous and proximity operations, space-based Space Situational Awareness (SSA), or RF mapping. Internationally, despite the fact that more than 70 countries are involved in small satellite activities, no agreement has been reached.

  Small satellites are low-cost alternatives that have enabled commercial enterprises, non-profit organizations, and educational institutions to conduct low-Earth orbit missions. These small satellites enable a wide range of scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to be carried out in orbit at a low cost, in a timely manner, and relatively easily. Smaller, lighter satellites necessitate smaller, less expensive launch vehicles, and multiple satellite launches are frequently possible.

  Although operators have expressed an interest in developing regulations that would provide investors with certainty, there are concerns about burdensome regulations that could force companies to relocate from one country to another. Given the fact that the timelines of operators and policymakers do not always coincide, as well as the significant efforts involved in creating international community agreements, developing policies and regulations for the rapidly evolving commercial space industry will be a challenge for the next ten years.