In-Situ Hybridization; a Lab Procedure that Helps Locate Position of Specific DNA/RNA Sequences

 



  In-Situ Hybridization (ISH) is a laboratory technique used to label complementary DNA, RNA, or modified nucleic acids strands. ISH helps localize specific DNA or RNA sequences in a small cross-section of tissues or an entire tissue. There are two types of in-situ hybridization, such as chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which are used to identify the position of genes. FISH is a laboratory-based test that can reveal the genetic makeup of cancer.

  Fluorescence in-situ hybridization test can detect genetic abnormalities associated with cancer, and thus, it is useful for diagnosing some types of the disease. Thus, with the rising incidence of cancer worldwide, the demand for in-situ hybridization is also increasing at a rapid pace. Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. For example, according to the American Cancer Society, in 2021, there will be an estimated 1.9 million new cancer cases diagnosed and 608,570 cancer deaths in the United States.

  In-situ hybridization is often used to identify certain genes or tumors. It has been used for many years to diagnose cancer. It is often helpful to identify the cause of cancer and its progress. It is an important technique for genetic analysis, especially in research on prenatal development. The spatial information obtained from in-situ hybridization is useful for a number of research topics, including the study of gene expression and the determination of disease risk. It is highly sensitive and can identify mutations in samples.

  In-situ hybridization technique expands the potential to meet any medical need and enable a new diagnostic, treatment application for those suffering from chronic diseases, such as cancer. FISH helps analyze several targets in the same sample and helps to detect a number of copies of the gene in the sample, the presence of a particular gene, and mutation analysis. Whereas, CISH helps gain genetic information in the terms of tissue morphology and is generally applicable in the case of molecular pathology diagnostics.

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